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 The fourth
Sunday in Lent (Mid-Lent) derives its Latin name from the
first word of the Mass text, "Laetare
Jerusalem" (Rejoice, O Jerusalem). It is a day of
joy within the mourning season. The altars may be
decorated with flowers, organ playing is permitted, and
the priests may wear rose-colored vestments instead of
purple. The reason for such display of joy is explained
in a sermon by Pope Innocent III (1216):"On this Sunday, which marks the middle of Lent, a measure of consoling relaxation is provided, so that the faithful may not break down under the severe strain of Lenten fast but may continue to bear the restrictions with a refreshed and easier heart."[31] As a symbol of this joy the popes used to carry a golden rose in their right hand when returning from the celebration of Mass. Pope Leo IX (1051) calls this custom an "ancient institution." Originally it was a single rose of natural size, but since the fifteenth century it has consisted of a cluster or branch of roses wrought of pure gold and set with precious stones in brilliant workmanship by famous artists. The popes bless it every year, and |
often they confer it upon churches, shrines, cities, or distinguished persons as a token of esteem and paternal affection. In case of such a bestowal, a new rose is made during the subsequent year. The meaning and symbolism of the golden rose is expressed in the prayer of blessing. It represents Christ in the shining splendor of His majesty, the "flower sprung from the root of Jesse." From this ecclesiastical custom Laetare Sunday acquired its German name, Rosensonntag (Sunday of the Rose). In this country Laetare Sunday receives much publicity in the papers because of Notre Dame's bestowal each year (since 1883) of the Laetare Medal on an American lay Catholic distinguished in literature, art, science, philanthropy, sociology, or other field of achievement. It is an adaptation of the papal custom of the golden rose, and the medal is made of heavy gold and black enamel tracings bearing the inscription "Magna est veritas et praevalebit" (Truth is mighty and shall prevail). It is suspended from a bar on which is lettered "Laetare Medal."
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In England a charming tradition developed
toward the end of the Middle Ages. On Laetare or Mid-Lent
Sunday, boys and girls who lived away from home (as
apprentices, servants, etc.) were given permission to go
home to visit their mother church, in which they were
baptized or had been brought up. They always carried with
them gifts to put on the altar. The original reason for
this was because the first words of the Mass,
"Laetare Jerusalem," were considered in
medieval times to be addressed to the "second
Jerusalem" (the Church). And as the Jews called
Jerusalem "Mother Jerusalem," so the Christians
later called the church which gave them spiritual birth
in baptism, "Mother Church." It was also the
custom for the boys and girls to visit their own mother
on the same day. They brought her flowers and simnel
cakes (a rich plum cake; from simila, fine flour) and
would do all the housework for her. This old custom still
survives in certain parts of England, and the cakes are
sold in London as well as provincial towns. Hence the
name "Mothering Sunday" and the famous old
saying, "He who goes a-mothering finds violets in
the lane." An ancient carol entitled "Mothering
Sunday" (It Is the Day of All the Year) may be found
in the "Oxford Book of Carols." The tune is
taken from an old German song of the fourteenth century.
Robert Herrick (1674) mentioned the custom in his poem To
Dianeme:I'll to thee a simnel bring Our own Mother's Day, first celebrated in May 1914, does not have either the same origin or historical background, but the central idea of bestowing special favors and little gifts on our mothers in appreciation and love is similar. In many churches sermons are devoted on that day to the greatest mother of all, the Blessed Mother, Mary. |
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